Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação: Programa de iniciação à investigação para estudantes de licenciatura / Research Initiation Rotations: Research initiation Program for undergraduate students / Rotaciones de iniciación a la investigación: Programa de iniciación a la investigación para estudiantes de grado

Resumo Enquadramento: As Rotações de Iniciação à Investigação (RII) enquadram-se no Eixo Estratégico de Desenvolvimento para a Formação de Investigadores da Unidade de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde: Enfermagem, no contexto das oportunidades da Janela do Jovem Investigador. Os estudantes do Curso de Licenciatura em Enfermagem (CLE) voluntariamente disponibilizam-se para desenvolver atividades de ligação do ensino à investigação integrando equipas de investigação. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados das cinco edições do Programa RII, envolvendo os estudantes do CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principais tópicos em análise: Trinta e dois projetos de investigação acolheram 202 RII, das quais 133 foram concluídas com êxito. Para além das competências adquiridas em contexto de integração nas equipas dos projetos de investigação, os estudantes frequentaram nove atividades de formação promovidas para eles. Conclusão: As RII concluídas com sucesso são registadas no suplemento ao diploma. Apesar da limitada disponibilidade de tempo dos estudantes devido à exigência do plano curricular, estes têm avaliado esta experiência como muito positiva. A integração deste programa no plano curricular é um passo a promover no futuro.

Abstract Background: Research Initiation Rotations (RIRs) fall under the Development Strategic Axis for Researchers' Training of the Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing as part of the Young Researcher Window opportunities. Undergraduate nursing students volunteer to integrate research teams that develop activities linking teaching and research. Objective: To analyze the results of the five editions of the RIR Program involving undergraduate nursing students (2014/2015 to 2018/2019). Main topics under analysis: Thirty-two research projects involved 202 RIRs, 133 of which were successfully completed. In addition to the skills acquired as part of the research project teams, students attended nine training activities that were specifically designed for them. Conclusion: Successfully completed RIRs are included in the diploma supplement. Despite the limited time available due to curriculum demands, students have rated this experience as very positive. The integration of this program into the curriculum is a step to be taken in the future.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las Rotaciones de Iniciación a la Investigación (RII) forman parte del Eje Estratégico de Desarrollo para la Formación de Investigadores de la Unidad de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud: Enfermería, en el contexto de las oportunidades de la Ventana del Joven Investigador. Los estudiantes del Grado en Enfermería (CLE, en portugués) se ponen voluntariamente a disposición para desarrollar actividades que vinculen la docencia con la investigación, al formar parte de equipos de investigación. Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de las cinco ediciones del programa RII, con la participación de estudiantes del CLE (2014/2015-2018/2019). Principales temas en análisis: Treinta y dos proyectos de investigación acogieron 202 RII, de las cuales 133 se completaron satisfactoriamente. Además de las competencias adquiridas en el marco de la integración en los equipos de los proyectos de investigación, los estudiantes asistieron a nueve actividades de formación promovidas para ellos. Conclusión: Las RII concluidas satisfactoriamente se registran en el suplemento al título. A pesar de la escasa disponibilidad de tiempo de los estudiantes debido a las exigencias del plan curricular, han valorado esta experiencia como muy positiva. La integración de este programa en el plan curricular es un paso que se debe promover en el futuro.

Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação do Meaning in Suffering Test para português europeu / Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and validation of the Meaning in Suffering Test for European Portuguese / Traducción, adaptación cultural y validación del Meaning in Suffering Test al portugués europeo

Resumo Enquadramento: As diferenças paradoxais identificadas entre a forma como as pessoas experienciam a dor, independente da sua intensidade, e o sofrimento a ela associado, relacionam-se com os sistemas de crenças e valores. Objetivos: Validar o Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) para a população portuguesa e determinar as suas características psicométricas. Metodologia: Este estudo apresenta o processo de adaptação transcultural, realizado numa amostra de 187 pessoas com doença reumática músculo-esquelética (DRM), com recurso a questionário sociodemográfico, clínico e o MIST-P. Resultados: A amostra, maioritariamente do sexo feminino, tinha 49,9±12,1 anos. O MIST-P apresenta bons valores de fidelidade (alfa de Cronbach de 0,833). A análise fatorial determinou a organização dos 12 itens em 2 fatores: Sentido e respostas face ao sofrimento e Características subjetivas face ao sofrimento. A escala é estável no tempo (r = 0,844). Conclusão: O MIST-P é válido e fiável para a população portuguesa com DRM, tendo potencial para ser aplicado na investigação e na prática clínica de prevenção, controlo e integração do sofrimento inevitável.

Abstract Background: The paradoxical differences identified between the way people experience pain, regardless of its intensity, and the suffering associated with it relate to value and belief systems. Objective: To validate the Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) for the Portuguese population and determine its psychometric characteristics. Methodology: This study presents the process of cross-cultural adaptation, carried out on a sample of 187 people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs), using a sociodemographic and clinical data questionnaire and the Teste de Sentido no Sofrimento (Portuguese version of the MIST - MIST-P). Results: The sample was mostly composed of women, with a mean age of 49.9±12.1 years. The MIST-P obtained a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.833, meaning a good reliability. The factorial analysis organized the 12 items into two factors: Meaning and responses to suffering and Subjective characteristics in the face of suffering. The scale shows stability over time (r = 0.844). Conclusion: The MIST-P is a valid and reliable tool for the Portuguese population with RMDs and can be applied in research and clinical practices aimed at the prevention, control, and integration of inevitable suffering.

Resumen Marco contextual: Las paradójicas diferencias identificadas entre la forma en que las personas experimentan el dolor, independientemente de su intensidad, y el sufrimiento asociado a este se relacionan con los sistemas de creencias y valores. Objetivos: Validar el Meaning in Suffering Test (MIST) para la población portuguesa y determinar sus características psicométricas. Metodología: Este estudio presenta el proceso de adaptación intercultural, llevado a cabo en una muestra de 187 personas con enfermedad reumática musculoesquelética (ERM), para lo cual se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico, clínico y el MIST-P. Resultados: La muestra, mayoritariamente del sexo femenino, tenía 49,9±12,1 años. El MIST-P presenta buenos valores de fiabilidad (alfa de Cronbach de 0,833). El análisis factorial determinó la organización de los 12 ítems en 2 factores: Sentido y respuestas al sufrimiento y Características subjetivas ante el sufrimiento. La escala es estable a lo largo del tiempo (r = 0,844). Conclusión: El MIST-P es válido y fiable para la población portuguesa con ERM, y tiene el potencial de ser aplicado en la investigación y la práctica clínica para la prevención, el control y la integración del sufrimiento inevitable.

The Effectiveness of an Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) Educational Program on Undergraduate Nursing Students' EBP Knowledge and Skills: A Cluster Randomized Control Trial.

Evidence-based practice (EBP) prevents unsafe/inefficient practices and improves healthcare quality, but its implementation is challenging due to research and practice gaps. A focused educational program can assist future nurses to minimize these gaps. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of an EBP educational program on undergraduate nursing students' EBP knowledge and skills. A cluster randomized controlled trial was undertaken. Six optional courses in the Bachelor of Nursing final year were randomly assigned to the experimental (EBP educational program) or control group. Nursing students' EBP knowledge and skills were measured at baseline and post-intervention. A qualitative analysis of 18 students' final written work was also performed. Results show a statistically significant interaction between the intervention and time on EBP knowledge and skills (p = 0.002). From pre- to post-intervention, students' knowledge and skills on EBP improved in both groups (intervention group: p < 0.001; control group: p < 0.001). At the post-intervention, there was a statistically significant difference in EBP knowledge and skills between intervention and control groups (p = 0.011). Students in the intervention group presented monographs with clearer review questions, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and methodology compared to students in the control group. The EBP educational program showed a potential to promote the EBP knowledge and skills of future nurses.

RISK AND PREVENTIVE FACTORS FOR TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: ANALYSIS OF CHILDREN'S PERCEPTION USING THE EDUTHERAPEUTIC METHOD.

OBJECTIVE: To describe children's perception of risk and preventive factors related to traffic accidents using the Edutherapeutic Method. METHODS: This is a qualitative descriptive study carried out with 173 students from public schools aged seven to 14 years in Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil. Data were collected in the second half of 2014. The first stage consisted of an activity with drawing/writing sheets in all classes selected by the Nursing undergraduate students. Next, the children answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data. The qualitative analysis of the expressive language of the children's drawings generated two categories: positive and negative factors for the prevention of traffic accidents and their subcategories. RESULTS: The children's perception regarding preventive and risk factors for traffic accidents was considered adequate according to other studies found in the literature on the same subject. The drawings and descriptions were used later to provide the students with a better understanding of these factors. CONCLUSIONS: The study lends support to educational activities and interventions about prevention with schoolchildren. This is one of the main goals proposed by Brazil in the National Plan of Action for Road Traffic Safety for the decade 2011-2020.

Risk and preventive factors for traffic accidents: analysis of childrens perception using the edutherapeutic method / Fatores de risco e prevenção de acidentes de trânsito: análise da percepção das crianças pelo método eduterapêutico

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe children's perception of risk and preventive factors related to traffic accidents using the Edutherapeutic Method. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study carried out with 173 students from public schools aged seven to 14 years in Lagarto, Sergipe, Brazil. Data were collected in the second half of 2014. The first stage consisted of an activity with drawing/writing sheets in all classes selected by the Nursing undergraduate students. Next, the children answered a questionnaire on sociodemographic data. The qualitative analysis of the expressive language of the children's drawings generated two categories: positive and negative factors for the prevention of traffic accidents and their subcategories. Results: The children's perception regarding preventive and risk factors for traffic accidents was considered adequate according to other studies found in the literature on the same subject. The drawings and descriptions were used later to provide the students with a better understanding of these factors. Conclusions: The study lends support to educational activities and interventions about prevention with schoolchildren. This is one of the main goals proposed by Brazil in the National Plan of Action for Road Traffic Safety for the decade 2011-2020.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever a percepção de crianças em relação aos fatores de risco e de prevenção relacionados aos acidentes de trânsito pelo Método Eduterapêutico. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 173 estudantes da rede pública do município de Lagarto, Sergipe, com idades entre sete e 14 anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu no segundo semestre de 2014 e se iniciou com a aplicação da ficha do desenho/escrita em todas as turmas selecionadas, pelas alunas do curso de Enfermagem, seguida da aplicação de um questionário sobre dados sociodemográficos. Após análise qualitativa da linguagem expressiva dos desenhos das crianças, emergiram duas categorias: fatores positivos e negativos para a prevenção de acidentes e suas subcategorias. Resultados: As crianças possuem percepção considerada adequada em relação aos fatores preventivos e de risco para acidentes no trânsito, de acordo com a descrição na literatura a respeito da temática. Os desenhos e as descrições foram utilizados posteriormente para trabalhar esses fatores com os próprios alunos. Conclusões: O estudo fornece subsídios para intervenções e atividades educativas de prevenção voltadas a escolares, o que se constitui uma das metas importantes da proposta do Brasil no Plano Nacional de Redução de Acidentes e Segurança Viária para a década 2011-2020.

Tradução e adaptação de instrumentos sobre prática baseada na evidência para estudantes de enfermagem portugueses / Translation and cross-cultural adaptation of evidence-based practice instruments for Portuguese nursing students / Traducción y adaptación de instrumentos relativos a la práctica basada en la evidencia para estudiantes de enfermería portugueses

Enquadramento: A implementação da prática baseada na evidência (EBP) em contextos clínicos é recomendada pelo seu impacto positivo na saúde, contudo, permanece abaixo do desejável. A formação de estudantes de licenciatura em enfermagem em EBP é fundamental, pelo que é crucial haver medidas válidas e confiáveis desta aprendizagem. Objetivo: Traduzir e adaptar transculturalmente para português europeu as escalas EBP Beliefs Scale (EBPB), EBP Implementation Scale for Students (EBPI-S) e Organizational Culture & Readiness for School-wide Integration of Evidence-based Practice Survey for students (OCRSIEP-ES). Metodologia: Tradução e adaptação transcultural segundo recomendações internacionais. Validação preliminar em estudantes portugueses de licenciatura em enfermagem, provenientes de nove instituições. Resultados: Às versões prefinais dos instrumentos os participantes sugeriram incluir a possibilidade de resposta “não tenho conhecimento suficiente que me permita responder” e aumentar o período de recordação no instrumento EBPI-S. Na fase II participaram 167 estudantes. O a para o EBPB, EBPI-S e OCRSIEP-ES foi 0,854, 0,943 e 0,970, respetivamente. Conclusão: Os resultados preliminares revelaram uma forte consistência interna. É necessário realizar mais estudos de validação com amostras robustas para testar a confiabilidade e validade dos instrumentos.

Background: The implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) in clinical contexts is recommended due to its positive impact on health, but it remains under the desirable. The training of undergraduate nursing students in the use of EBP is crucial, and, for that, there must be valid and reliable measures of EBP learning. Objective: To translate and to cross-cultural adapt into European Portuguese of the EBP Beliefs Scale (EBPB), EBP Implementation Scale for Students (EBPI-S), and Organizational Culture & Readiness for School-wide Integration of Evidence-based Practice Survey for Students (OCRSIEP-ES). Methodology: Translation and cross-cultural adaptation according to international recommendations. Preliminary validation in Portuguese undergraduate nursing students from nine institutions. Results: In the pre-final versions of the instruments, the participants suggested including the optional answer “I do not have sufficient knowledge to be able to answer” and increasing the recall period in the EBPI-S instrument. Phase 2 included 167 participants. The a for EBPB, EBPI-S, and OCRSIEP-ES was 0.854, 0.943, and 0.970, respectively. Conclusion: Preliminary results showed good internal consistency. Further validation studies with robust samples are required to test the reliability and validity of the instruments.

Marco contextual: Se recomienda implementar la práctica basada en la evidencia (EBP) en contextos clínicos, debido a su impacto positivo en la salud, aunque sigue estando por debajo de lo deseable. La formación de los estudiantes de enfermería de grado en el uso de la EBP es crítica. Por ello, tener medidas válidas y fiables de este aprendizaje supone un aspecto clave. Objetivo: Traducir y adaptar al portugués europeo: la EBP Beliefs Scale (EBPB), la EBP Implementation Scale for Students (EBPI-S) y la Organizational Culture & Readiness for School-wide Integration of Evidence-based Practice Survey for students (OCRSIEP-ES). Metodología: Traducción y adaptación intercultural de acuerdo con las recomendaciones internacionales. Validación preliminar en estudiantes de enfermería portugueses de grado de nueve instituciones. Resultados: En las versiones prefinales de los instrumentos, los participantes sugirieron incluir la respuesta “no sé” y aumentar el periodo de recuerdo en el instrumento EBPI-S. En la fase II participaron 167 estudiantes. El a para EBPB, EBPI-S y OCRSIEP-ES fue de 0,854, 0,943 y 0,970, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados preliminares mostraron una fuerte consistencia interna. Se requieren más estudios de validación con muestras sólidas para probar la fiabilidad y la validez de los instrumentos.

Educational program for the promotion of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices for children in relation to traffic accidents: experimental study / Programa educativo para promoção de conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas preventivas de crianças em relação aos acidentes de trânsito: estudo experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. Methods: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. Results: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). Conclusions: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento, as atitudes e as práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre crianças escolares antes e depois da aplicação de um programa educativo. Métodos: Estudo experimental, com abordagens descritiva e analítica, realizado em duas escolas públicas do nordeste brasileiro. A amostra foi composta de 173 crianças do 3º ao 5º ano do ensino fundamental e aleatorizada em Grupo Experimental (GE), com 90 participantes, e Grupo Controle (GC), com 83 participantes. O programa educativo foi realizado no GE com a utilização do método eduterapêutico (Health Magic Box). Os dados foram obtidos por meio do questionário Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP), aplicado no início da pesquisa, antes de qualquer ação educativa, e após um mês da realização do tratamento experimental. Na análise estatística foi utilizado o teste t de Student pareado para comparação entre os momentos anteriores e posteriores à intervenção no GE e avaliação inicial e final no GC. Resultados: As crianças do GE e GC mostraram-se semelhantes quanto às variáveis sociodemográficas, e não foi observada diferença significativa no nível de conhecimento, atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito entre os grupos na avaliação inicial. Entretanto, ainda após um mês da realização do experimento, foi evidenciada melhora significativa no conhecimento do GE (p=0,027). As atitudes e práticas preventivas também foram superiores nas crianças do GE, porém sem diferença significativa em relação ao GC (p=0,060 e p=0,282, respectivamente). Conclusões: A intervenção educativa aumentou o nível de conhecimento e manteve as atitudes e práticas preventivas de acidentes de trânsito estabilizadas em estudantes de 3º a 5º ano.

EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PROMOTION OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PREVENTIVE PRACTICES FOR CHILDREN IN RELATION TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS: EXPERIMENTAL STUDY.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents in schoolchildren, before and after the implementation of a health education program. METHODS: Experimental study carried out in two public schools in Northeastern Brazil. The sample was composed of 173 children from 3rd to 5th grade and was randomized into Experimental Group (EG; n=0) and Control Group (CG; n=8). The educational program was carried out at EG with the use of the educational therapeutic method (Health Magic Box). The data were obtained through the questionnaire Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP), applied at the beginning of the study, before any educational actions, and one month after the experimental treatment. Paired Student's t-test was used to compare the moments before and after the intervention in the EG and initial and final evaluation in the CG. RESULTS: The children in the EG and CG were similar in relation to sociodemographic variables, and no significant difference was observed in the level of knowledge, attitudes and preventive practices on traffic accidents between the groups in the initial evaluation. One month after the experimental treatment, a significant improvement in knowledge was observed in EG (p=0.027). Preventive attitudes and practices were also higher in children in the EG, but without significant differences in relation to CG (p=0.060 and p=0.282, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention increased the level of knowledge and maintained the preventive attitudes and practices on traffic accidents at the same level in 3rd-5th grade students.

Actitudes ante la inmigración del alumnado de una escuela de enfermería de Portugal / Attitudes towards the immigration of students from a nursing school in Portugal / Atitudes em relação à imigração dos alunos de uma escola de enfermagem de Portugal

Marco contextual: La diversidad cultural está presente en todas las sociedades. Las enfermeras deben ser culturalmente competentes para dispensar cuidados de calidad. Objetivo: Validar la Escala de Actitud hacia la Inmigración en Enfermería (EAIE) al portugués y conocer las actitudes ante la inmigración del alumnado del primer curso del grado de una escuela de Enfermería de Portugal. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y analítico, con traducción y adaptación transcultural de la EAIE al portugués, constituida por 39 ítems. Participaron 143 estudiantes. Resultados: Buena consistencia interna de la escala medida con el a de Cronbach (0,94). Con el análisis unifactorial de la escala, y de cada ítem separado se identificaron diferencias actitudinales significativas entre hombres y mujeres en 6 ítems, y entre grupos de edad en 2 ítems. Conclusión: Las actitudes de una parte del alumnado no son favorables al reconocimiento pleno de los derechos en el uso de los recursos sociosanitarios de los inmigrantes. Consideramos necesario profundizar en la formación en competencia cultural y en el Derecho Universal a la Salud.

Background: Cultural diversity is present in all societies. Nurses must be culturally competent to provide quality care. Objective: To validate the Scale of Attitude toward Immigration in Nursing (EAIE) in Portuguese and to know the attitudes toward the immigration of the first-year undergraduate students of a nursing school in Portugal. Methodology: Descriptive, exploratory, and analytical study, with the translation and transcultural adaptation of the EAIE to the Portuguese language, composed of 39 items. The participants were 143 students. Results: Scale with a good internal consistency, assessed with Cronbach's a (0,94). With the univariate analysis of the scale and each separate item, significant attitudinal differences were identified between men and women in 6 items, and among age groups in 2 items. Conclusion: The attitudes of a portion of the students are not favorable to the full recognition of the rights of health and social resources of the immigrants. It is necessary to develop the training in cultural competence and the Universal Right to health.

Enquadramento: A diversidade cultural está presente em todas as sociedades. Os enfermeiros devem ser culturalmente competentes para prestar cuidados de qualidade. Objetivo: Validar a Escala de Atitude em Relação à Imigração na Enfermagem (EAIE) para português e conhecer as atitudes face à imigração dos estudantes do 1º ano da licenciatura de uma escola de enfermagem de Portugal. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, exploratório e analítico, com aplicação da EAIE, traduzida e adaptada culturalmente para a língua portuguesa, composta por 39 items. Participaram no estudo 143 estudantes. Resultados: Boa consistência interna da escala medida com o a de Cronbach (0,94). Com a análise unifatorial da escala e de cada item em separado identificaram-se diferenças significativas de atitude entre homens e mulheres em 6 itens e entre grupos etários em 2 itens. Conclusão: As atitudes de uma parte dos estudantes não mostram um reconhecimento inequívoco dos direitos dos imigrantes aos recursos sociossanitários. Consideramos necessário aprofundar a formação em competência cultural e sobre o Direito Universal à Saúde.

Afirmação da mulher na medicina durante o século XV e XVI: um processo religioso e inquisitorial / Afirmación de la mujer en la medicina durante el siglo XV y XVI: un proceso religioso e inquisitorial / Woman's statement in medicine during the fifteenth and sixteenth century: a religious and inquisitorial process

Durante os séculos XV e XVI, num momento de repressão e perseguição religiosa e inquisitorial, as mulheres atuaram como cuidadoras informais com práticas empíricas. Os objetivos deste artigo consiste em destacar o processo de profissionalização dos cuidados da mulher ao longo deste período e conhecer o papel da igreja e dos homens na crítica aos cuidados femininos, assim como apresentar figuras femininas espanholas que se destacaram na medicina neste período. Material e método: O trabalho consiste numa revisão da narrativa realizada a partir de fontes secundárias, relacionadas com o objeto em estudo, bem como uma análise das mesmas desde a história social, tendo em conta as características da época em estudo. Resultados: Durante os séculos XV y XVI, a igreja, junto com a classe médica, conduziu a uma repressão dos cuidados femininos que influenciou a sua aceitação. Assim, os cuidados femininos geraram discordância e conflitos entre a igreja e a sociedade e o cuidar informal da mulher começava a inserir-se na classe médica profissionalizada. Conclusões: As descobertas obtidas neste estudo destacam a aceitação das práticas empíricas femininas, em contraste com os conhecimentos teóricos dos médicos e, posteriormente, a inclusão da mulher nos cuidados profissionais

Durante los siglos XV y XVI, en un momento de represión y persecución religiosa e inquisitorial, las mujeres actuaron como cuidadoras informales con prácticas empíricas. El objetivo del estudio es destacar el proceso de profesionalización de cuidados de la mujer durante dicho periodo; conocer el papel de la iglesia, de los hombres en la crítica hacía las mujeres; presentar figuras femeninas españolas destaca das en la medicina durante este período. Material y método: El trabajo es una revisión narrativa de las fuentes secundarias relacionadas con el objeto de estudio, así como un análisis de las mismas desde la historia social, teniendo en cuenta las características de la época de estudio. Resultados: Durante los siglos XV y XVI, la iglesia, junto con la clase médica, condujo una represión hacía el cuidado femenino que influyó en su aceptación. Así mismo, el cuidado femenino generó desacuerdos y conflictos entre iglesia y sociedad, los cuidados de las mujeres informales, empezaron a formar parte de la clase médica profesionalizada. Conclusiones: Los hallazgos obtenidos refieren como a pesar del predominio del conocimiento teórico médico, las prácticas empíricas de las mujeres consiguieron ser aceptadas en determinadas condiciones y esto constituyó, con posterioridad, el reconocimiento profesional del cuidado

Dring the fifteenth and sixteenth century, at a time of repression and religious and inquisitorial persecution, women have acted as informal caregivers with empirical practices. The objectives of this article is to emphasize the process of professionalization of women's care over that period and to know the role of the church and men in critical care to women, as well as presenting Spanish female figures who have excelled in medicine during this period. Methods: The task is a narrative review of secondary sources related with the object of study, as well as an analysis of the same sources from the social history, keeping in mind the characteristics of the era of study. Results: During the centuries XV and XVI, the church, along with the medical class, led to a suppression of feminine care that influenced their acceptance. Thus, feminine care generated disagreement and conflict between the church and society and the informal women's care began to be part of the professionalized medical profession. Conclusions: The findings from this study highlight the acceptance of female empirical practices, in contrast to the theoretical knowledge of medical and subsequently the inclusion of women in professional care

E-baby integridade da pele: inovação tecnológica no ensino de enfermagem neonatal baseado em evidências / E-baby skin integrity: evidence-based technology innovation for teaching in neonatal nursing

Objective: To develop and validate the serious game e-Baby: skin integrity along with a panel of experts. Method: Methodological research approaching the following development steps: scope definition, game format and functions, script and communication with software developers, creation of prototype with evaluation and production; and validation by four experts using the tool Heuristic Evaluation for Digital Educational Game. Results: The serious game was built in a 3D technology with multimedia including animation and scientific-based content. The educational technology was validated by the experts in all heuristics, and among the all 36 analyzed items. 18 (50%) presented no errors, and regarding the remaining items with any error, none had more than 25% errors within levels 3 and 4, according to Nielsen's classification. Conclusion and implications for the practice: The validated serious game is a virtual simulation educational technology with potential to contribute with learning in nursing and with evidence-based clinical practice.

Objetivo: Desarrollar y validar el juego e-Baby: integridad de la piel junto a un panel de peritos. Método: La investigación metodológica contemplando las etapas de desarrollo: definición de alcance, formato del juego y sus funcionalidades, descripción del guion y comunicación con desarrolladores, prototipaje con evaluación y producción; y validación junto a cuatro peritos utilizando el instrumento Heuristic Evaluation for Digital Educational Games. Resultados: El serious game fue construido en 3D con multimedia incluyendo animaciones y contenido basado científicamente. Validado en todas las heurísticas, dentro todos los 36 ítems analizados, 18 (50%) fueran considerados sin problemas, siendo que en ninguno de los ítems ocurrió más que 25% de problemas clasificados en los niveles 3 y 4, segundo la clasificación de Nielsen. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica: El juego validado es una tecnología educativa del tipo simulación virtual con potencial para contribuir con el aprendizaje em enfermería y la práctica basada en evidencias.

Objetivo: Desenvolver e validar o serious game e-Baby: integridade da pele junto a um painel de experts. Método: Pesquisa metodológica contemplando as etapas de desenvolvimento: definição de escopo, formato do jogo e suas funcionalidades, descrição do roteiro e comunicação com desenvolvedores, prototipagem com avaliação e produção; e validação junto a quatro experts utilizando o instrumento Heuristic Evaluation for Digital Educational Games. Resultados: O Serious game foi construído em 3D, com multimídia, incluindo animações e conteúdo embasado cientificamente. Validado pelos experts em todas as heurísticas, dentre os 36 itens analisados, 18 (50%) foram considerados isentos de problemas, sendo que em nenhum dos itens houve mais que 25% de problemas classificados nos níveis 3 e 4, segundo a classificação de Nielsen. Conclusão e implicações para a prática: O serious game é uma tecnologia educacional do tipo simulação virtual, validado, e com potencial para contribuir com a aprendizagem e a prática baseada em evidências.

Quality of Life of Intermittent Urinary Catheterization Users and Their Caregivers: A Scoping Review.

AIMS: This study aimed to examine and map the scientific evidences regarding quality of life in neurogenic bladder patients and consequently their caregivers by means of a scoping review. DESIGN: This is a scoping review proposal of the Joanna Briggs Institute. METHODS: It was conducted to examine and map the scientific evidences about quality of life (QoL) in neurogenic bladder patients and their caregivers, to identify the meanings attributed to QoL and its relation with intermittent urinary catheterization. The following guiding question was: "What scientific evidence has been produced on the QoL of neurogenic bladder patients using intermittent urinary catheterization and their caregivers?" A total of 2945 research studies were identified using The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, Academic Search Premier (via EBSCO platform), PubMed, SCOPUS, the platforms Web of Science, the b-on and Gray Literature. The keywords established were patient, intermittent urinary catheterization, neurogenic urinary bladder, quality of life and caregiver. RESULTS: From 2,945 studies, 13 studies were selected. Most of the selected studies that analyzed variables related to the patients' QoL were regarding the urinary catheterization technique, assessment of urinary incontinence, individual perceptions of the procedure and experiences with urinary catheter in childhood and adult life. The meanings attributed to QoL, when compared to adult and child individuals with normal bladder functioning, presented lower QoL scores. Concerning caregivers, the QoL of caregivers of children using intermittent urinary catheterization demonstrated low scores. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The QoL of patient's who use intermittent urinary catheterization can be determined by improvement of urinary symptoms and self-confidence. Research related to QoL of patients who use urinary catheter indicates the importance of adequate professional support and appropriate health public policies.

Effectiveness of intermittent urinary catheterization in patients with neurogenic bladder: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to investigate the effectiveness of the use of intermittent urinary catheterization in improving the quality of life (QoL) of patients with neurogenic bladder.

Computer and laboratory simulation in the teaching of neonatal nursing: innovation and impact on learning.

Objectives: to evaluate the cognitive learning of nursing students in neonatal clinical evaluation from a blended course with the use of computer and laboratory simulation; to compare the cognitive learning of students in a control and experimental group testing the laboratory simulation; and to assess the extracurricular blended course offered on the clinical assessment of preterm infants, according to the students. Method: a quasi-experimental study with 14 Portuguese students, containing pretest, midterm test and post-test. The technologies offered in the course were serious game e-Baby, instructional software of semiology and semiotechnique, and laboratory simulation. Data collection tools developed for this study were used for the course evaluation and characterization of the students. Nonparametric statistics were used: Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon. Results: the use of validated digital technologies and laboratory simulation demonstrated a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001) in the learning of the participants. The course was evaluated as very satisfactory for them. The laboratory simulation alone did not represent a significant difference in the learning. Conclusions: the cognitive learning of participants increased significantly. The use of technology can be partly responsible for the course success, showing it to be an important teaching tool for innovation and motivation of learning in healthcare.

The effectiveness of acupuncture on pain, physical function and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION/OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture on pain, physical function and health-related quality of life in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.More specifically, the review questions are:• Is acupuncture effective in improving health-related quality of life in patients with RA?• Is acupuncture effective in relieving pain in patients with RA?• Is acupuncture effective in improving physical function in patients with RA?

The Importance of Religiosity/Spirituality in the Sexuality of Pregnant and Postpartum Women.

UNLABELLED: In this article, we decided to study the representation of the Spanish pregnant and postpartum women and the importance of religiosity/spirituality and the social context for them. We analyzed the influence of religion on the woman within her social context. OBJECTIVE: to understand how pregnant and postpartum women experience their sexuality according to their religious beliefs and the opinion of others from a socially learned perspective. METHOD: qualitative study using ethnography. This study aims at understanding reality from the women's point of view, acknowledging that the points of view are constructed through interaction with others, through cultural and historical norms that influence the lives of individuals. RESULTS: The findings indicate a difference in the religious beliefs and sexual behaviors of these women, which is more marked in urban than rural areas. Mothers have an influence on their daughters, conditioning their behavior. Conclusion We conclude that the process of change is underway. However, some paradoxes still persist concerning the sexual roles to be adopted, as well as some contradictions between sexual behaviors and the statements on religion. Within the scope of our study, we can confirm that pregnant and postpartum women are more or less pressured by the religious and social norms conveyed by their mothers, mainly in rural settings. From an external point of view, to be sexually free goes against the maternal and social expectations. However, the internal representation, marked by religion, that has been experienced over the years does not change the narratives of sexual experiences, assigning women to traditional role. This role brings conflict more or less assumed by women.

Efectos de la estimulación cognitiva sobre las personas mayores en el ámbito comunitario / Effect of cognitive stimulation in elderly community

OBJETIVO: Demostrar que la implementación del programa de estimulación cognitiva (EC) «Making a Difference» (MD) mejora la cognición y la sintomatología depresiva en personas mayores y jubiladas que residen en el ámbito comunitario. MÉTODO: Estudio multicéntrico y cuasiexperimental efectuado sobre 45 personas mayores (38 mujeres y 7 hombres) residentes en el ámbito comunitario, con una edad media de 75,29 años, seleccionados en 3 centros de día localizados en contextos rural, semirrural y urbano, en la región central de Portugal. Los participantes asistieron a 14 sesiones bisemanales a lo largo de 7 semanas. La escala de Valoración cognitiva de Montreal (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]) y la escala de depresión geriátrica de 15 ítems (15-item Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS-15]) se aplicaron en 3 momentos de la evolución: al inicio del estudio, al final del estudio y en el seguimiento. RESULTADOS: Entre el inicio del estudio y el final del estudio hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la sintomatología depresiva (F = 7,494; p = 0,010) explicando el 21% de la varianza (valor eta cuadrado parcial [ηp2] = 0,21), potencia = 0,75; sin embargo, no hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa respecto a la cognición. Entre el final del estudio y el seguimiento no hubo diferencias en los resultados correspondientes a la cognición ni a la depresión. CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros resultados demuestran una mejoría de la sintomatología depresiva de las personas mayores tras un programa de intervención de 7 semanas de duración, pero sin persistencia del efecto terapéutico a los 3 meses de seguimiento. No se ha demostrado el efecto beneficioso del programa de intervención respecto a la mejora de la cognición. La EC puede tener utilidad para prevenir la sintomatología depresiva de las personas mayores cuando se incluye en el plan de cuidados para la promoción de la salud

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate that the implementation of the Cognitive Stimulation (CS) program 'Making a Difference' (MD) improves cognition and depressive symptoms in retired community elders. Method: This was a multicenter quasi-experimental study of 45 community dwelling elders (38 women and 7 men), with a mean age of 75.29, from 3 day-care centers in rural, semi-rural and urban environments in the central region of Portugal. Participants attended 14 sessions twice a week over seven weeks. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were administered at the following three time points: baseline, post-test, and follow-up. RESULTS: From baseline to post-test, there is a statistically significant difference in depressive symptoms (F = 7.494; P = .010) explaining 21% of the variance (partial eta squared [ηp2] = .21), power = .75, but there is no statistically significant difference in cognition. From post-test to follow-up, there is no difference in both cognition and depression outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed improvement in elders' depressive symptoms after a seven weeks intervention program but it did not have a protective effect after the three months follow-up. No evidence was found for its efficacy in improving cognition. Cognitive stimulation may be a useful in preventing elder's depressive symptoms when included in their health promotion care plan